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Federico Holm

Research Scientist

Federico (Fede) Holm, Ph.D., M.S., is a Research Scientist with the Center for Progressive Reform. He joined in February 2023. Prior to joining the Center, Dr. Holm held research appointments as a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Michigan and Colorado State University. His research on environmental policy and governance has been published in journals such as Climate Policy, Energy Research & Social Science, Review of Policy Research, and Society & Natural Resources, among others.

Federico Holm, James Goodwin | May 5, 2025

Project 2025 at 100 Days: Part I

The extent of harm that the Trump administration inflicted over its first 100 days was nothing short of breathtaking. That it accomplished much of this by transforming our regulatory system into a tool of authoritarian rule speaks to the influence that the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025 has had on this agenda, despite Trump’s half-hearted attempts to disavow the playbook on the campaign trail.

A coal power plant emitting carbon emissions into the air

Bryan Dunning, Federico Holm | April 29, 2025

Trump Gives Exemptions to Some of the Most Polluting Power Plants in the Country

In April, the Trump administration published an executive order (EO) boosting the coal industry in hopes of a grand revival for an energy source that has been in stark decline since more cost-effective sources, including gas and renewables, drove it from its peak nearly two decades ago. Included in this order was a two-year exemption to a rule that would have required some of the country’s most polluting power plants to reduce emissions of mercury and other hazardous air pollutants that harm our health.

Federico Holm | April 28, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for April 28, 2025

Since our last update (April 21), we have seen some important developments regarding Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions. So far, three resolutions have become law and four more have cleared both chambers. Although we have not received any information that these will be sent to the president’s desk in the coming days, we continue to monitor their status as they could soon be on the move. The most consequential development is the announcement that House Republicans will press ahead and vote on three resolutions that target waivers granted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the state of California to develop vehicle emissions guidelines.

Federico Holm | April 21, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for April 21, 2025

Since our last update (April 7), we have seen some important developments regarding Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions. In addition to the two resolutions signed into law on March 15 (easing protections that will mostly benefit the fossil fuel industry), one more resolution has become law.

Federico Holm | April 7, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for April 7, 2025

Since our last update (March 31), we have seen some movement regarding CRA resolutions. There have been no new resolutions signed into law (only two so far), but two more resolutions have cleared both chambers, so we can expect a signature from the president soon.

Federico Holm | April 1, 2025

Trump’s Approach to Public Lands? Expanding the Extractive Economy and Declaring a War on Nature

On March 3, Randy Moore, the 20th chief of the U.S. Forest Service, stepped down after a lifelong career that started in 1981. A soil scientist and forester, Moore was also the first African American chief of the Forest Service. His resignation came on the heels of a widespread wave of mass firings of Forest Service personnel that amounted to approximately 10% of its workforce. In his farewell letter, Moore laid bare his frustration regarding the ongoing dismantling of the agency and the need for personnel to stick together and remain nimble, adding that for those in the Forest Service “feeling uncertainty, frustration, or loss, you are not alone.” Moore was replaced by Tom Schultz, a timber executive with deep ties to the logging industry. Schultz is also the first chief in Forest Service history who has not previously worked in the agency. In his introduction letter, Schultz highlighted his 25 years of land management, focusing on his timber and mineral extraction directive roles in Idaho.

Federico Holm | March 31, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for March 31, 2025

Since our last update (March 18), we have seen some small changes regarding CRA resolutions. There have been no new resolutions signed into law (only two so far), and there are now seven resolutions that have passed one chamber. This means that in addition to the six resolutions that had already cleared one chamber (you can see our previous update for a detailed description of those resolutions), there have been votes on four other resolutions.

Federico Holm | March 18, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for March 18, 2025

Since our last update (March 10), we have crossed two important milestones regarding Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions: President Trump signed the first two resolutions into law, and the overall number of CRA resolutions introduced in Congress reached 60.

Federico Holm | March 10, 2025

CRA By the Numbers 2025: Update for March 10, 2025

As of Monday, March 10, legislators have introduced 57 Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions, including several that were introduced before the specified time cutoffs. We have continued to see some movement around some of the resolutions.