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Since our last update on May 19, we have seen some critical developments regarding  Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions. In addition to the relentless progression of some resolutions towards becoming law, the most troublesome was the decision in the Senate to vote on the CRA resolutions ending Clean Air Act waivers issued to California. As James Goodwin said in a recent blog post on the matter, this represents a clear example of Senate Republicans “failing to follow the rules that they agreed to — and doing so to advance their policy agenda without heed to the rule of law wreckage they leave in their wake.” James’s post presents important facts regarding the consequences of this decision for the filibuster in the Senate as well as the potential repercussions in the wider context of an authoritarian executive. I urge everyone to read the full text, which is available here.

Besides this critical development, what does the overall CRA landscape look like?

There are good chances that this Congress will match or even surpass the number of CRA resolutions signed into law by President Trump during his first term. In 2017, Trump signed a total of 16 resolutions of disapproval into law.

In this Congress, there are 16 resolutions that are very close to becoming or have become law already. Additionally, we have identified eight CRA resolutions already signed into law, with the majority of them targeting environmental and climate rules. These are:

Another eight resolutions are sufficiently advanced in the pipeline that we expect to be signed into law in the coming weeks.

Two of these have already been sent to the President and are waiting for his signature:

Finally, six more have passed both chambers and are waiting to be sent to the President, which would be the final step before being signed into law. The Clean Air Act waivers issued to California are among this group:

Additionally, three more resolutions have a fair chance of making it through the CRA pipeline, as they have already advanced through the Senate, which, compared to the House, presents the most formidable obstacle to passing CRA resolutions. If these were to become law, this would increase the number of resolutions signed into law to 19, three more than in the previous Trump administration. These are:

We continue to monitor additional developments regarding CRA actions. Although the moves to vote on the Clean Air Act waivers issued to California overshadowed other developments, the story regarding CRA resolutions in this Congress continues to unfold, and will likely do so for a few more weeks.

Explore the CRA By the Numbers 2025 tracker